Hair curling apparatus



May 19, 1931. P. KUNlN'ET AL 1,806,472

HAIR CURLING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 23 1928 Patented May 19, 1931 warrens'rai'ras ra'reur QFFME PAUL KUNIN AND ISAAC E. MCELROY, OF MINNEAPOLIS,MINNESOTA; SAID MCELROY A SSIGNOR TO SAID KUNIN HAIR CUP-.LING APPARATUSApplication filed August 23, 1928.

wave.

It is a further object to provide simple and eiiicient apparatus forcurling human hair which will detachably clamp a lock of hair and causethe same to be quickly and evenly wound upon a curling rod by the easynianipulation of a winding element engaging the rod.

It is another object of the invention to provide in apparatus of theclass described, a 0 winding device co-operating with a curling rodwhich will quickly wind a lock of hair about the rod, progressing itselfupon the rod when rotated, by its engagement with a lock of hair.

Another object is to provide a winding device of the class described,which will wind a lock of hair upon a rod, placing a uniform tension onthe lock throughout its length regardless of the thickness of the look,within,

0 oi course, reasonable limits.

Another object is to provide apparatus of the class described, by whicha lock of hair may be simultaneously wound about a curling rod andsecured thereto in position for curling.

A stillfurther object of the invention is to provide a novel method forwinding a lock of hair about a rod effecting a so-called permanent waveand simultaneously with said winding, retaining the lock or curl byapplying a spiral or metal strip.

A further object is to provide in apparatus of the class described anefiicient clamping shield, adapted to be quickly and easily secured tolooks of hair of various sizes within certain limits and carryingthereon means for quicklyconnecting therewith a curling rod, upon whichthe lock may be wound.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparentfrom the fol- Serial No. 301,546.

lowing description made in connection with the accompanying drawings inwhich like reference characters refer to similar parts throughout theseveral views and in which:

Fl 1 i a side elevation of an embodiment oi? my clamping shield, shownaflixed to a lock of human hair adjacent the scalp;

ig. 2 is a similar view showing the shield applied to the hair andhaving the curling rod detachably connected therewith;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing the lock of hair wound about the rodby means of my improved winding element, said winding element beingshown in retaining position after the lock has been wound in full lines,and being shown in initial or starting position to wind, in dottedlines;

Fig. t is aside elevation of a heating unit for steaming and drying thewound lock of hair having my apparatus releasably connected thereto, therod and lock of hair being disposed therewithin;

Fig. 5 is a top plan view of a rod showing the yielding retaining meansfor releasably securing the rod, lock and shield to a tubular heater;

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of my preferred winding element detached;

Fig. 7 is a plan View of one form of my clamping shield showing thepivoted sections in closed position in full lines and one of thesections in open position in dotted lines;

Fig. 8 isa cross section taken on the line 88 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a cross seotiontaken on the line 99 of Fig. 7

Fig. 10 is a side elevation of my winding element detached showing themeans for uniformly tensioning the hair during the winding thereof;

Fig. 11 is a bottom plan view of the same.

Fig. 12 is a top plan view of a slightly different form of clampingshield than that shown in Fig. 7; and

Fig. 13 is a side elevation illustrating the manner in which a strip ofwire or metal foil may be wound conjointly with a lock of hair to securethe lock in coiled position with my apparatus.

As shown in the drawings, our apparatus includes a clampingshield whichis adapted to be secured about a lock of hair adj acent' the scalp,comprising, as shown in Figs. 7, Sand Q-apair of hinged sections 13 and14 respectively, said sections being of substantially arcuate shape andone thereof comprising a pair of similarly shapedzplates spaced a shortdistance apart'by suitable means, between which plates the. other orinner section 14 is adapted to pass when the device is closed. One ofthe sections, preferably the inner section 14 CEL'IHGSZ V an upstandingstud 15 which mayhave atransverse pin 16 passed therethrough if desiredto assist in connecting said stud with a curling rod to be laterdescribed. Sections 13 and14 are hinged together at their inner andoverlappingendseby suitable means, such as a pin 17, Theinarer'edgeofthe section 13 has a portion substantially concentric with stud 15 an heinner section; 14 also has a portion of its-inner. edge adjacent stud 15concentric "therewith togpermit a lock of hair to be .elampe'dbetweenlsaid opposing edges and to 'dra-wn' toward" and about stud "15. A

narrow up-standing flange l fia is provi ded' on the; iouter sectiondisposed substantially concentric of stud 15 when the sections are inclosed position, vthe purpose of which is to fiat againstthe surfaeeofthe section13- g ggiwjglis provided with an operating preventalocko-fhair from being disposed handle13b, while section 14 is providedwith medal-ampere. members.

o t seetitm 13) is pivotally secured a pawl 18.

operating handle, .145, said handles being disp sed adjacent therespective outer ends of Betweenthe plates urged inwardly by suitablemeans, such as a small-leaf spring '19- disposed between the pi fltesyandsaid pawl is adapted to engage teethjlita which may be formed onthe outer edge of the inner section 14. The outer edge of seeti-oaM-i-sso ap d that when it is swung, any of theteeth 14a. will be properly psi ioned during, the cl ng morv t engage saidpawl. .Pawl 18 isprovidedwithjdrical curling rot-1 20 which is preferably of tubularstructure and, of such dimension as to. sluice-lye fitoverthe stud 15-.If desired, the lower end of rod 20 may be slotted .as

shown in- Fi-g. r an enlargedporfion for-Intelin the slotadaptedtoaccommodate thelpin 165 onfstud By pushing the lower end of rodover stud 15, the slot being first alined with thepin 16,.it will beseen that themed; may besecured to, the clamping shield 7extendingsubstantially normal thereto.

' proyide'a novelwinding element, 'des.-

ignated as an entirety by the letter W,wh-ich may be formed integrallycomprising a tubumanipulation thereof. The tubular portion of my windingelement 21 carries a spiral winding tongue '23 of considerable lengthcurved 1n the manner of a sprlng harrow tooth about the tubular portion21 andhaving an inclined spiral upper edge 23a, a V-shaped tip 23?) anda slightly inclined lower edge ing tongue 23 has at its upper edge aslightly declined slotted portion 23d, and immediately adjacent theclosedend of slotted portion 23d abulgey, is tormedinthe body of thewinding tongue which bulge in connection with slotted portion 23d has avery important functifi i to bejlater described. A yielding orresiti'ent tensioningelement is wound with the spiral tongue 23/, asshown, comprising a spiralsprmg 24, whlch may-be anchored at onc'end bymeans of a pin 25 to the body of tongue 23 and further anchoredat itstip 240 in a smallrecess in the tongue23. Spring 24 hasfa truespiral'upper edge 00 and extends about therear portion of the spiraltongue 23-W11 in F 3iand'has a free and yielding inner end 246 which isdisposedbelow the tubular portion 21 of the winding element and projectedslightly inwardly thereof adapted to engage the hair and apply apressure or tension .to the hair in co-operation with the ed-'29.; i Y-WVl1'en the "lock of hair is completely wound upon the red, as shown inFig. 3, our windmgdevice W may be left upon the rod if suflicientwinding devices are provided for number of rods needed to wave a fullhead of hair and said winding devices will then retain the wound locks.The rod and clamping shield with the lock of hair there- 'onn ay bedetachably secured within a suitable tubular heating unit, shown in Fig.4. The heating unit-shown comprises a tubular 26 having super-imposed atthe lower or intermediate portion thereof, an outer tubular casing and.between casings 27 and 26 an electrical heating. element 28 of suitableconstruction may be interposed. The rod 20-issomewhat longer than thetubular casing 26,and,has at its upper end a pair of curved springretainers 20a, whichboth may be constructed-from a single piece ofspring wire, as illustratedin- Figs. 2 and 5.

The retai-ning clips have arms extending upwardly froma centralloopportion which maybe fined'withinthe tubular rod 20 by means of; pin20]). The.cli;ps terminate in outwardly curved portionswhich may projectthrough small oppositely disposed slots 20c adjacent the upper end ofthe rod 20. The upper end of the heater casing 26Jis providedwith adiminished portion26a having 230. The inner and wider'end of the windnor lee

a central opening inthe upper endthereof through which the upper end ofrod 20 may pass. Rod 20 is of such length that the retaining clips 20amay be forced inwardly when the upper end of saidrod is passed throughsaid restricted end. Thereafter clips 20a will spring outwardly engagingthe annular openingat the restricted end of a casing 26 and releasablysecuring the rod with a lock of hair thereon and the shield to theheating unit. When the rod is thus retainer the clamping shield will bedisposed against the lower end of tubular casing 26. It is usuallydesirable to protect the scalp of the person treated by surrounding eachlock of hair with a. soft disc 29 of felt or other material which willnot conduct heat. This disc may be provided with a radially disposedslot extending to the central portion thereof and the lock is slippedthrough the slotted portion until itis disposed within the center of thedisc.

In Fig. l a pad 30'for applying a moistening solution to the curl isshown wrapped about the lock of hair on the rod and having its upper andlower ends criinped against the rod. This pad may be of any suitableform, such as the pad disclosed in Patent No. 1,659,490, entitledPermanent wave pad, issued February 14th, 1928, to Paul Kunin, one ofthe joint inventors in this application.

In Fig. 12, a different form of clamping shield than that previouslydescribed is illustrated. This form comprises a pair of curved hingedsections 31 and 32, the outer section 32 of which may comprise a pair ofsimilarly shaped plates disposed one above the other and spaced apart topermit reception of the inner section 31. Section 31 has a diminishedinwardly projecting arm 31a shaped in such manner that it will always bedisposed within and hidden by the spaced plates of section 32. Sections31 and 32 are pivoted together by a suitable pin 33, which passesthrough the inner end of section 32 and the intermediate portion ofsection 31. The arm 31a of the inner section 31 is provided with acurved edge 31?) which may be notched for locking engagement with a pawl34 pivoted between the spaced plates of section .32 and pressed by asuitable spring 35 into engagement with the teeth or notches on the edge31b of section 31. An upstanding stud 36 .is carried by one of thesections, preferably the inner section 31 forsecuringone of the rods 20,and the edges of the section adjacent stud 36 are formed in the mannerof the edges of the clamping shield illustrated in Fig. 7.. The form ofclamping shield just described has an advantage over'the clamping shieldshown in Fig. 7, in that the teeth or notched portions on the innersection are covered and entirely hidden by the outersection 32, therebypreventing strands of hair from engaging the teeth or notches. a

Operation The operation of our apparatus may be briefly stated asfollows The clamping shield is first opened by releasing engagement ofthe locking pawl with the notches or teeth on the adjacent edge of theother hinged section and the shield is then placed around a lock of hairnear the scalp and the sections pressed together. The spring pressedpawl engages in the teeth and by manipulation of the handles of the twosections the lock may be tightly clamped between the two sections andadjacent the upstanding stud. The curling rod 20 is next attached to theupstanding stud by alining the slots with the pin on the stud and thewinding device W is slipped over rod 20 and positioned against theclamping shield. Upon rotation of the spiral winding device theelongated curved tongue 23 will surround the lock of hair it beingimpossible for any strands of hair to fall flat against the shieldbecause of the narrow arcuate flange 13a adj acent the stud. As thespiral winding device is rotated the lock of hair is drawn inwardly bythe inclined edge 23a of tongue 23, being compacted against the rod andsubjected to the pressure of the resilient tensioning member 24. Tensionis applied between the free end 245 of the tensioning member and therod. The free end of the lock extends from the winding device throughthe slightly declined slotted portion 2365 (see Figs. 3 and 6) and isalso engaged and effected by the bulge y adjacent the end of saidslotted portion, as well as by the true spiral edge w of the springmember 24. The rotation of the device W causes the device to progressupon the rod through its engagement with the lock of hair. The base andrelation of the bulge or enlargement 3 with the slot 23d determines theform of the coiled lock. Thus, the lock can be half twisted to form aso-called flat curl, or can be completely twisted as it is coiled aboutthe rod. The bulge is spirally angled with relation to the tongue 23 andslot 23d. It is, of course, well known that the lock of hair diminishesinthickness at its outer end since some of the strands are longer thanothers and it is, therefore, necessary to apply the same tensionthroughout the length of the lock if the lock is to be properly woundupon the rod for waving. Because of the resiliency and construction ofour spring tension member 24, a nearly uniform tension is maintainedupon the lock throughout the length thereof and upon locks of differentdimensions. The lock is thus evenly and perfectly wound upon the rod bythe use of our winding device WV, and due to the tension and cooperationof the resilient member 24, the coils of hair will be formed in truespirals and will not bunch or pile up about each other.

In waving a head of hair, a plurality of rods, shields and heaters areused, each receiving and curling one look of hair. If windingdevices Ware provided for all the rods theymaybe left on the rod after the hair 1*5 is wound. to' retain the coil of hair. The rod,-

the curled lock and winding device may then be surrounded with asuitable permanent wave pad, such as thekind disclosed in said 7 UQS.Patent 1,659,490, andthe rod may be end of the rod passing through thediminished opening in the upper end of the heater and the springclips areleasably securing the rod, shield and curl within the tubular heaterthrough their engagement with. the upper edge of the opening of theheater.

'From the foregoing description it will be seen that clamping shieldsunencumbered by the rods may be quickly andeasily clamped to therespective locks of hair adjacent the scalp without discomfo'rting thesubject, the.

structure of said clamping shields rendering them adjustable to tightlyclamp locks varying widely in thickness. It will be further seen thatthe rods 20 maybe quickly and easily connected with the studs 15 or 36of the clamping shields, that by slipping the winding devices on therods and twisting or rotating the devices W through a few rotations, thelocks of hair will be perfectly wound for treatment on the rod; It isoften the case that only'one winding device'W is supplied with acomplete set of apparatus, including a plurality of rods,

clamping shields, and heaters and in this case,

it is necessary to remove the winding device from the rods after thelocks are curled and consequently means'must be supplied ferretainingthe coiled lock to-the rod. We have invented a new method for doingthis, which method may be easily and quickly carried out by the use ofour Winding element. As shown.

in Fig. 13, a strip or thin wirej'M of sonruejrelatively heavy material,which may be easily bentand which will tend to retain its shape, such asaluminum foil or some other metallic substance may be supplied andclamped, as shownin Fig. ,131with a lock of hair, by the clamping shieldand extending along the lock of hair to be wound. The winding device isthen applied-and will'wind with the lock, of hair the strip or wire ofheavy material, this wire being super-imposed above the hair bythe'jaction of thewinding device and being quickly formed in the shapeof a spi'ral'coil firmly holding the hair coiled around the rod.

When the lock is completely wound the free end of the strip M may becompletely wound by a few. additional rotations of the winding to therod. 7 The strip or metallic wire may,

ofcourse, be wound about the curl manually- In new in the art to employan elongated strip of inserted through thetubularheater, the upperdevice; The winding device may then be removed'and the coil of hair willbe secured the rods and secured thereto readily forthe steaming anddrying treatment within the tubular heaters. i

From the foregoing description it will be seen that we have invented asimple and highly efficient apparatus for curling and waving humanhairadapted'to be used in connection with standardtypes of permanentwave 'machinery now on the market. With theuse of our apparatus agreatsaving may be made in time and labor and the locks of hair will bewound with a uniform tension to the very end of the lock. V 1

It will, of'course, be'understood that various changes'may be made inthe form, de-

tails, arrangement and proportions of the parts without departing fromthe scope of applicants invention.

What is claimedisz; v

1. In apparatus for curling hair, a clamping shield comprising a pair ofclamping sections having ends pivoted together, one of said sectionshaving a slotted portion adapted to accommodate said other section whensaid sections are swung together, said slotted'section having a pawl andsaid other section having a plurality of locking elements engagable bysaid pawl to secure said sections together about a lock of hair in avariety of different .positions, one ofsaid sections being adapted tocarry a curling rod, both of said sections having inner edges extendingsubstantially concentric with said rod for acoommodation of a lock ofhair and one of said sections having an upstanding flange disposedconcentrically of said rod and'spaced therefrom when said sectionsaresecure'd together to prevent strands of hair from falling flatagainst the shield and a winding device comprising a spiral tonguerotatably mountedon said rod and adapted to cooperate with saidupstanding flange to engage and wrap thehair about said rod whenrotated.

2. In apparatus for curling hair, a curling rod, means adjacent one endof saidrod for detachably securing a lockfof hair'thereto, a

winding device-comprising a spiral tongue adapted to encircle-said rodand engage said lockof hairwhen rotated, said tongue having aninclinedspiral upper edge and aresilient tensioning el'ement .comprising awinding device comprising a substantially annular portion adapted toencircle said rod, a spiral tongue rigidly connected with said annularportion adapted to encircle and engage a lock of hair when said windingdevice is rotated and a spiral shapedresilient plate connected at itsouter end with the outer portion of said tongue and partially wrappedabout said tongue and having its inner end disposed in a recess in saidtongue positioned to engage said lock of hair and apply a substantiallyuniform tension thereon as said winding device is turned.

4. In apparatus for curling hair, a curling rod, means adjacent one endof said rod for detachably securing a lock of hair thereto, a windingdevice comprising a substantially annular upper portion adapted tosurround said rod, a spiral tongue rigidly secured to said inner portionand having a free outer end adapted to encircle a lock of hair when thesaid winding device is rotated, said tongue having a spiral upper edgeterminating in a slotted portion for confining and guiding the hair,said tongue having a recessed portion adjacent the inner and attachedend thereof and a resilient plate se-. cured to the exterior of saidtongue and spiraled therearound, the inner end of said plate beingdisposed in said recessed portion of said tongue and being free to pressagainst the lock of hair to apply substantially uni.-

form tension thereon throughout the length of said lock.

5. In apparatus for curling hair, a curling rod having a tubular upperend adapted for insertion in a tubular heater, a resilient retainingelement disposed within the tubular end of said rod and having aprojection work- *0 ing through said rod, said projection beingdepressed upon insertion of said rod in said heater until it snaps pastthe inner end of said heater, then projecting to retain said rod.

6. In apparatus for curling hair, a curling 4;; rod having a tubularinner end adapted for insertion in a tubular heater, spring retainingelements anchored within the tubular end of said rod comprisingindividual springs having looped free extremities which project throughslots in said rod, said projecting portions being engageable with theinner portion of said tubular heater to secure said rod in said heater.

7. The methodof preparing hair for permanent waving which consists inconjointly winding about a rod a lock of hair and an elongated piece offlexible material of a nature adapted to retain its shape when bent,said flexible material being wound outside of so the lock of hair tosecure the same in coiled arrangement about the rod.

In testimony whereof we afiix our signatures.

PAUL KUNIN. c5 ISAAC E. McELROY.

